The real bottleneck is the NAMPT enzyme, not raw materials
βThe big sort of, gaping hole in this precursor theory was the main reason why NAD declines is because that main enzyme, that NAMPT enzyme in the salvage pathway that makes and recycles NAD from these precursors declines with age. So it's kind of like if you go in a factory, you saw production's gone down, you realize that the machines weren't working, like, there's no way that you would think it would just be a good idea to just keep on loading the factory with raw material and hope you're gonna get more NAD out at the end.β
High-dose NR or NMN can overwhelm methylation pathways
βIf you look, there's a clinical study done on NR, and what they show is that if you increase the dose of NR and measure how much NAD that turns into, basically, as the dose goes up, it gets to a certain point where it plateaus. Then it doesn't matter how much more NR or how much more raw material you give the cell. The level of NAD just is flatlined. But they also measured the the amount of methyl nicotinamide, and that just goes up, up, up, up, up. It's like we're going into the drug space where we're taking a drug to fix the side effect of another drug.β
βNAD itself is, when you look at its function, obviously, it's a really interesting molecule that it has such a diverse range of beneficial effects. But the really cool thing about it is that intersection of where it sits between energy production on one side and repair and maintenance and switching on a lot of pathways on the other side. So NAD sits at this really neat intersection between sensing the energy of the cell and almost sensing the environment to then decide in how the cell's gonna react.β
Nuchido's clinical trial reversed biological age 1.26 years in 28 days
βWe did a full human, double blind, placebo controlled crossover study. This is, you know, a gold standard in terms of trial design. In this clinical study, not only did we measure NAD levels, so we show that NAD significantly increases. After seven days, it continues to rise. But more importantly, we showed that you can switch back on that NAMPT enzyme. The other thing was biological age. So we saw a reversal of biological age. This was measured using the GlyconAge test, of one point two six years in twenty eight days as well.β
βI have always had this theory that surely this must be triggering some sort of inflammatory reaction, and that's why when people have NADIVs, they normally don't feel the best. You know, you feel sick, heart palpitations, things like that. And I've always had this as a theory. And in the last couple of months, this theory has been proven because there's a paper that's been released. It's in a preprint at the moment. I actually saw the data presented at a conference for the first time that showed within NAD IVs in a human clinical trial that it actually causes an inflammatory reaction. So they saw an increase in white blood cells, neutrophils, cytokines.β
βWhen scientists realized that NAD actually declines with age quite substantially, so it's estimated a half every 20 years, and this is, this is from birth. So even by the time you're 20, it's halved, then by the time you're 40, it's halved again. What they realized was that, okay, this molecule that's actually very important for keeping our repair switched on, declines us significantly with age, so why don't we prevent this decline?β
Inflammation silently drains NAD via the CD38 enzyme
βWe know that one of the most prolific NAD consuming enzymes in our cells is something called CD 38. And CD 38 is basically an enzyme that triggers inflammatory responses in the cells. And just to put it into perspective of how much it consumes, so if you imagine, again, NAD is a fuel. So for one cycle of CD38's enzymatic activity, it uses around a 100 molecules of NAD just for one cycle. For something like the DNA repair enzymes or the sirtuins, they use about six or seven. So you can see that a very small increase in inflammation can have a huge impact on NAD levels.β
Sedentary lifestyles starve cells of hormetic NAD signals
βIf you look at anything that causes an energy stress, so exercise, fasting, both of those things naturally switch on NAMPT because what does that do? That increases NAD production. On the flip side, if you look at a lot of people's lifestyles, we are sedentary way more than we ever should be, way more than evolution designed our bodies to be. And we're also eating a lot more often and a lot more calorific foods than, again, our bodies were ever designed for. So one of the theories is that the reason that people are becoming much more chronically depleted in NAD is simply our lifestyles.β
Pure NAD supplements on Amazon are essentially worthless
βVery quickly, we realized that's not a possible way because it's very unstable. It it gets degraded in the gut. By the time you even put it in your mouth, there's probably no NAD left because it degrades just in a bottle. So, yeah, it it what's crazy is the amount of companies on Amazon still selling, you know, the highly pure, purely certified NAD, which will just not have any NAD in it by the time it gets to your house.β